modeling the heat transfer modes in Enceladus' icy shell that rests above its liquid water ocean. previous modeling has assumed that all heat transfer is conductive, but using dynamical simulations i've shown that under certain conditions convection can occur at in the shell. specifically, these conditions are having a thick enough ice shell, the right amount of porous fluffy ice deposited from the plumes at Enceladus' south pole which jet water into space through fissures in the crust, and the right thermal conductivity of this porous layer.
now i'm starting on adjusting the model to include the liquid water ocean underneath the shell and observe the effect of changing viscosity gradients in the equilibration of the ocean and ice shell, as well as adding in compositional impurities (chloride brines) and tidal heating effects.
I'm writing a science fiction book that takes place mostly around Jupiter, and would love to hear more about this; if you found anything particularly interesting or unexpected or striking (especially visually), and whether it might transfer at all to e.g., Ganymede/Europa/Callisto.
Standard Oil: Its monopoly was already crumbling before antitrust action. By 1911, market share had plunged from 90% to 64% as competitors like Gulf/Texaco emerged and new oil fields broke its grip.
Carnegie Steel: Government intervention. The federal government imposed steep tariffs on imported steel, shielding domestic producers like Carnegie from foreign competition. Without those tariffs, cheaper British/German steel would have kept Carnegie’s dominance in check.
Southern Pacific Railroad: Government intervention. The federal government gifted it, through the Pacific Railroad Acts, millions of acres and subsidized loans. This state-sponsored land monopoly let it block competitors from critical routes.
Google. Microsoft. Facebook. If it weren’t for antitrust, there’d be a lot fewer cell phone companies or airlines. I mean, it’s harder to name an industry where there hasn’t been consolidation. The only thing stopping it is the law. Consolidation was basically illegal until the 1980s. If you wanted to grow, you had to compete.
Google was literally declared a monopoly by a court recently. Facebook and Apple both are oligopolies or monopolies in certain market segments. Apple has a monopoly on app store and on device payments. These things are bad enough that they’re being litigated.
maybe, just maybe, having friction in logging into web services is a good thing.
i, for one, am not a fan of the tendency for every web service to require an account in the first place. making it easier for people to log in to these unnecessary accounts is helpful in discouraging this practice, as it will decrease utilization of services which require such superfluous accounts.
enforcement would probably happen at the level of the power utility. large mining operations have agreements with utilities to buy power at wholesale prices, the utilities know what the power is being used for
the real beneficiaries of this would be small miners (small business owners?) who either use their own locally generated power or the residential grid. oh, and all the people who don't mine in the US
the utilities know what the power is being used for
I did not know this, sounds like something I would probably not do if I was running such company... why would utility company need to know what I'm using energy for..?
A basic industrial unit with a 10 kilowatt supply? They'll supply you no-questions-asked.
If you're a huge operation like a steelworks, consuming tens or hundreds of megawatts, they'll want to work closely with you for capacity planning.
If you've got special business requirements, like a hospital or data centre that needs redundant, highly reliable power - you'll have to tell them that's what you need.
If you want to negotiate a discount below their normal prices, an account manager will sniff around your company to try and figure out how price-sensitive you really are.
If you want a big upgrade to your building's power, which needs new cabling installed or the road dug up? The workers might not keep quiet if they see you're a cannabis grow operation.
Because they need to forecast power requirements ahead of time. Maximum efficiency of resources is not just smart for greenhouse emissions it is smart for not spending more money than necessary to supply power.
Additionally, they need to know which clients to restore power to first (hospitals and essential services) and who can wait (commercial buildings on a weekend? Back of the line)
Note: it isn’t that they know exactly what the power is used for, but they sure know the general purpose (residential, industrial, critical service, tech, etc)
Companies have relationships with their large clients. They aren't just suppliers and more like partners in their business.
Maybe it's different in strict commodity markets but this knowledge also allows you for better cooperation. From little things like when to set service windows to large infrastructure investments for which you might want some buy-in before they happen.
Electricity is a limited and vital resources so usually it is tightly regulated who gets to use electricity. If the government doesn't like what you say you will do with the electricity then you wont get more than a typical home connection.
now i'm starting on adjusting the model to include the liquid water ocean underneath the shell and observe the effect of changing viscosity gradients in the equilibration of the ocean and ice shell, as well as adding in compositional impurities (chloride brines) and tidal heating effects.